E-book and real book Essay

If you compare real book and e-book, most of the people like real book than e-book. Some of them think that reading e-book is harming their eyes or use real book for a decoration to show they are wisdom. Although real book has a certain place in people’s heart, e-book can replace real book in a short time in Hong Kong because e-books have some advantages that real book did not in the convenience aspect, economic aspect and function of the book. First is the convenience aspect. Will you bring a book when you hang out? Probably you will not but mostly your smart phone will follow you anywhere which mean you can read the e-book in your smart phone anywhere. It is very convenience when you need to read the e-books. How about when you do not need to read the book? Hong Kong is a scarce place with a huge population, not every people have a place to hold a huge number of real books. But holding e-book will not cause this kind of problem because you can save a thousand of books in your tiny memory card but not an unwieldy bookcase. Also after you finish read that e-book you can delete it and have the space again which will not cause the environment problem which you throw a real book On the economic aspect, publish a real book is more expensive than a e-book normally, because publish a real book need to add up the printing fees, the cost of raw materials etcetera which will cause a high prime cost and the cost will transfer to the customers. But the e-book did not need to add those printing fees, so the cost of the book can be reduce. Lastly is the function of the book. For the real book, the main function is to read which is just same as the e-book but actually some people like real book is only because the other functions of the real book to be a decoration which they will buy the books which they will never read and place it on the book shelf forever. I think this is a dishonor to the book and the writer. For the e-book, it does not have that dishonor function and it can have many difference functions. One main function is to change the word size or the zoom in function, this function is convenience to the elderly or people with eyes disease which those people can easily to read the book. Another one main function is the interaction function. This function can attract children to read book. Also animation and sound can be found in the e-book which is more attractive than the real book which only can include words and pictures. It is not difficult to forecast the future of e-books.

National Industrial Conference Board

This paper will present a short biography of Alan Greenspan and a discussion of his career as US Federal Reserve Chairman. The paper will look into the ways Greenspan improved the American economy. His policies were a subject of heated debate both inside the U.S. and internationally, therefore this paper will also provide a short account of various criticisms of Greenspan’s initiatives.Starting with a short biography of this exceptional public figure, Alan Greenspan was born in 1926, in New York City. From early teens he was fascinated by the world of music and therefore enrolled in the Juilliard School of dance, drama and music after his graduation from high school. However, he left the school to travel with Henry Jerome and His Orchestra and perform as a tenor, saxophone and clarinet player.It lasted for about a year, and in 1944 Greenspan enrolled in New York University’s school of commerce. He graduated from the school with a Master of Arts degree in 1950. At the sa me time, Alan started studying at Columbia University at the graduate level, yet he also began working at the National Industrial Conference Board, which caused him to discontinue his studies at Columbia University.The following year Greenspan met artist Joan Mitchell, and one more year after that they married, yet the marriage only lasted for ten months.In 1954, Greenspan established Townsend-Greenspan and company together with bond trader William Townsend. He was the Chairman and president of this economic consulting firm from 1954 to 1974. Starting in 1967, Greenspan stared engaging in politics. Under the Nixon administration, he was the director of domestic policy research. He refused an offer to work permanently in the administration, but went on advising Nixon informally, working simultaneously for the Townsend-Greenspan and company (InvestingValue, 2005).In the years 1974 to 1977, Greenspan was the Chairman of the President's Council of Economic Advisers, yet in 1977 he went back to the Townsend-Greenspan and company. The same year he received a Ph.D. degree from New York University.In the years 1981 to 1983, Greenspan held the position of the Chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. He is often lauded for preventing the bankruptcy of the social security system while he was occupying that post (InvestingValue, 2005).In 1987, Greenspan was nominated the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board and served as such for five consecutive terms.Townsend-Greenspan and company was closed, since Alan did not succeed in finding a buyer for it. Before Greenspan became the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, he served as a corporate director for Aluminum Company of America, Capital Cities/ABC, General Foods, J.P. Morgan & Co, Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company, as well as a Member of the Board of Trustees for the Rand Corporation, Director of the Institute for International Economics, Member o f the Board of Overseers, Hoover Institution and Vice Chairman and Trustee for the Economic Club of New York. In 1997, Greenspan married Andrea Mitchell, an NBC’s journalist, after twelve years of dating her.After his retirement from the Federal Reserve Board in 2006, he provides consulting services through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC (InvestingValue, 2005).As concerns Greenspan’s economic philosophy, he is known as a committed supporter of Objectivism. He made friends with novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand through Joan Mitchell, and he was significantly influenced by her views. He contributed articles to Objectivist newsletters and authored a number of essays for Rand's 1966 book ‘Capitalism: the Unknown Ideal’ (InvestingValue, 2005).

Energy from Peanut and Pea

Energy from Peanut and Pea Shawn lam 28/10/2011 Hypothesis I think that the peanut will release more Energy, as it is has more oil which will generate more energy. While the pea does not have as much oil as the peanut, so the pea will make less energy. Variables Independent variable: Pea, Peanut Dependent variable: Temperature Controlled variable: Beaker volume, Bunsen burner Equipment Beaker, water, Bunsen burner, pea, peanut, thermometer, toothpick (holding food), heat tile, grabber Procedure 1. First get equipment 2. Setup equipment 3.Put water in beaker, then grab with a grabber 4. Burn peanut/ pea with toothpick 5. Put the food under beaker 6. Record Temperature Result Table 1: Looking at the first table, the amount of water added to the beaker was 20ml. There were 4 trials for each food, except for the pea. Type of Food| Heat ( °C)| | Trial| Average| | 1| 2| 3| 4| | Peanut| 20| 35| 50| 59| 41| Pea| 8. 5| 5| 31|   | 14. 83333| Discussion This Experiment wasn’t really successful, as there weren’t 4 trials for the pea. Also some Peanuts/Pea were much bigger than other, next time I will try to choose the sizes more carefully next time.The peanut had a large range of temperature, this tells us either the thermometer is broken or the test was not conducted well. Maybe, the Pea could be changed with another food, as it frequently run out of energy in the middle of a test. Which caused the problem of recording its temprature. Next time maybe there should be better lighter, so that there wouldn’t be a problem with burning the food. There could be less people disturbing experiment, so that more results could be recorded. For example, when people talk, the sound wave blows out the fire. All of this results that the informaion, wasn’t really accurate. ConclusionAs you could see the peanuts average Temperature was higher then the pea, as the pea has less oil then the peanut. The amount of oil on the Peanut is far greater, as resulting m ore energy released from the peanut. While on the other hand, the Pea has less oil which was shown as there was less energy. This shows that the Peanut have at least 3 times more energy then the Pea. Further study Does more oil cause more energy released? â€Å"YES† it does. More oil will help to relese more energy, this is shown as today, many cars rely on oil to run. Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Peanut#Peanut_oil http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pea

Chapter 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 2 - Assignment Example It is against this backdrop that intellectual standpoints advanced at the end of 19th century, in the bid to bring about positive changes. Resultantly, this intellectual context birthed the First Reform Era which bequeathed the US history with abolitionism, Reconstruction, Civil and Women’s Rights Movements and farm movements. During the years (1901-1909) Theodore Roosevelt served as American president, he expanded the power and influence and power of the executive arm of the government, particularly, the presidency. Right from the time of the American Civil War, up to the beginning of the 20th century, the US Congress had been retaining the seat of power. However, starting from 1880s, the executive arm began to get increasingly powerful, so that later on, Roosevelt extended this development. Having insisted that the President had the right to use all political power, the Office of the President became the center of American politics, in lieu of political parties and the Congress. With this increased political power, Roosevelt helped fuel the expansion of the American Empire by challenging the ideas of limited government and waging a highly aggressive foreign policy. Being led by strong leaders such as Dorothea Dix and Elizabeth C. Stanton, women did midwife several important reforms during the Progressive Era. Women clamored for the passage of the 19th Amendment which prohibited the act of denying any US citizen, the power to vote, with this denial of votes being based on sex. It is these same women caucuses that redefined the functions of the federal government and widened the scope of the federal government’s roles, in light of health, working conditions, wages, education, sanitation and social welfare. The US Election of 1912 remains unique because it enabled Wilson to win by 42%, against Progressive candidates Taft, Roosevelt and Debs who totaled 58%, and thereby enabling Woodrow Wilson to

Conflict as a Team Tool-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conflict as a Team Tool-Sheila - Essay Example Team formation has been a modern management model for quite a long. Both scholars and non-scholars have argued in its favor or disfavor. In this regard, the focus of this study is not to investigate the merits or demerits of this tool but to probe the level of independence that should be tolerated within teams. It is also in the interest of this study to establish how conflicts between groups affect departmental performance. To achieve their ultimate goals, departments divide the entire project into sub-units called tasks, each of which should be delivered by each team. Eventually, the accomplished works are brought together to realize the final goal (Bezrukova, Thatcher, Jehn, & Spell, 2012). In the course of their work, these teams require some independence so that they can perform their duties efficiently. What is of concern though is the level of independence these teams should be entitled to. Conflicts are bound to arise between various teams in their day to day duties. These conflicts have impacts on departmental performance and should be pointed to concern. Independence simply means that a team works without any interference or intervention from non-team members. This freedom cannot be exercised entirely since the teams must be interdependent at some points. As a result of the interdependence, disagreements and dissatisfactions may arise leading to conflicts. Independence gives teams some sense of autonomy. The teams will be in a position to come up with work timetables suitable to them so that the members work at convenient times. Such flexible schedules are right for the minds of the team members because they feel less controlled, and they work when only ready. The performance of the workers will, therefore, be better because they will be mentally and physically prepared for working. (Bezrukova, Thatcher, Jehn, & Spell, 2012) Independence in the teams helps eliminate the barriers that

Big Dog & Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition Assignment

Big Dog & Little Dog's Performance Juxtaposition - Assignment Example From the results of the Leadership Style Survey, I learned that I manifest and generally apply the democratic or participative style (score was 40) where I enjoin subordinates to provide inputs and communicate their thoughts, ideas, and comments in daily operations as they contribute towards the achievement of a unified organizational goal. From the survey, it was noted that â€Å"some of the best leaders operate out of the participative mode and use the other two modes as needed†. The score I generated for the authoritarian style was 32 and that for the delegative style was 27. I always believe that people become more motivated in the workplace setting when leaders encourage them to participate, not only by doing the responsibilities expected of them; but also by contributing thoughts, comments, insights on how they think current operations and performances could be improved. The leaders’ roles should take an encouraging and motivating stance to guide the subordinates towards the attainment of the organization’s mission, vision, and goals. I was actually expecting that the next leadership mode that I would exemplify was more of a delegative than authoritative style. However, the results indicate that I favor being autocratic than free-rein. Honestly, I believe that the best style would really depend on three factors: the personality of the leader, the personality of the subordinates, and the situation. The information would be useful as a guide for both personal and professional development in terms of focusing on the traits and characteristics that were deemed weak or that needs to be improved. For example, since the next leadership style manifested from the survey was the autocratic style, I could look into the areas that need to be adjusted or improved in terms of encouraging employees to contribute insights in the decision-making process, as needed; or delegating more tasks, as required. The end result should assist in improving not on ly me personal and professional development, as a leader but also the personal and professional development of the people I lead.

(criminology)managing crime part 2 community safety Assignment

(criminology)managing crime part 2 community safety - Assignment Example Under the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act, there are strategies are implemented for this purpose. Work is achieved with partnerships with several agencies, and other representatives of the business and voluntary communities and local groups. A crime audit is an essential part of this process (What is community safety? 2013). The primary objective of the Act is to â€Å"make provision for preventing crime and disorder† (Crime and Disorder Act 1998 1998). This includes the preventing crimes against children or aggressive offences taking place in the society and also bringing in changes in the criminal justice system. With this Act various amendments have been made in the system along with abolition of the death penalty for criminals (Crime and Disorder Act 1998 1998). While partnership working has benefitted different regions to deal with crime, mostly after the occurrence of the offence (Berry et al 2009); failure occurred as the concept of community safety was considered too broad ly. Hence it involved so many issues, such as education, housing, social work and others, along with the issue of crime that eventually it failed to bring advanced changes in the system as it planned to do (Helms 2012). The Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 â€Å"served to completely restructure the youth justice system in England and Wales by establishing a new national and local infrastructure† (Goldson and Muncie 2006). Youth Offending Team was an agency developed that reflected the shift from the conventional justice system (Goldson and Muncie 2006). Yet, the Act failed to mainstream community safety as several issues had started cropping in regard to the crime audits and in enhancing the sense of community. Crime audits were a lot dependent on data obtained from police that was narrowly focused on crimes. Enhancement of community safety could not be achieved as the projects largely depended upon groups and organizations that were existent in the society and hence failed to address groups that were sidelined. Thus â€Å"community safety projects† under the Act â€Å"could divide communities rather than unite them† (Joyce 2013). Thus it could be concluded from this section that the Crime and Disorder Act of 1998 failed to mainstream community safety successfully primarily due to the broad conception of community safety, along with the ineffectiveness of the Act to enhance the sense of community. The groups and the causes behind crimes could not be successfully addressed by the community safety projects thereby not allowing the Act to mainstream community safety and crimes could still occur in the society that were dealt with after the occurrence of the crimes. Section 2: The â€Å"ultimate goal of crime prevention is to reduce the risk of being a victim† (What is Crime Prevention? 2006). In order to achieve this, it is essential that opportunities to criminal minded people are not provided to commit illegal activities (What is Crime Prevention? 2006). This section of the study discusses about the strengths and weaknesses of crime prevention measures in reducing crime and disorder, considering theories associated with crime prevention. Over the years, the police departments have evolved in their ways to handle crime and their methods of prevention. The strengths of the system lie with the measures that are considered by the police departments effectively such as â€Å"

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION &COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING Research Paper - 1

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION &COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING - Research Paper Example Revinate as a secondary data that holds information from third parties with most social media reviews including trip advisor, yelp, expedia and others. The data was collected through the consideration of Palomar hotel and the categorization of information in different fields such as the rooms, the bathroom, bed and others. Determination of the positive, neutral and the negative results provide a specific result as desired. The horizontal axis indicates the side that the customer’s performance levels get weighed on while the vertical axis represents the customers that showed satisfaction, dissatisfaction and neutrality in the service performances. Through the same, the competition for the business class is stiff between the two hotels and so the maintenance of the customers and the levels of improvement will determine how the retention aspect plays in keeping each participant in the market. The level of performance in service terms of Palomar Hotel is poor. The staff weighed in low on their service delivery and the customers were much satisfied by the cleanliness of the rooms and the bathrooms. The staff that the hotel has employed remains unsatisfying to the customers. The areas of strengths that the Palomar hotel has are in their room cleanliness and their bathrooms. The areas that need improvement include the areas of staff majorly. In the hotel business, the staff matter much and if their efforts and work does not much the expectations of the customers then the business gets affected. It is therefore wise for the hotel to consider reviewing their staff to ensure that the required quality of staff work in the hotel. The staff proves vital due to the fact that the better skilled the staff the more customer satisfaction achieved that could lead to more business and hence improved performance of the business. The level of staff has a huge impact on the customers in the business class. The consideration of

Role and responsiblity of newly qualified nurse Essay - 1

Role and responsiblity of newly qualified nurse - Essay Example This period is a thrilling one for nurses as they start developing new roles, focused on prescribing and these new roles have undoubtedly benefited patients and significantly contributed to expanding nurses’ roles, hence promoting the nursing image as a prime profession (Sines, Saunders & Forbes-Burford 2009, P.294). This paper aims to discuss the nursing roles of Patient Group Directions and Supplementary Prescribing by newly qualified nurses. The structure of the paper covers a detailed analysis of what the roles entail, the definitions of these roles, reasons for selecting these particular roles for the study and an in- depth discussion of these roles supported by relevant literature. The paper covers the legal, ethical and professional issues related to these roles. The paper ends with a summary and conclusion of the discussed roles. Taking up these roles for newly qualified nurses may be challenging. The claim has been that less than 50% of nurses in practice would recomm end their career option and 25% on the other hand, would keenly discourage from the nursing profession. It is no surprise that 33% to 61% of newly recruited nurses plan to depart from nursing in their initial year as professional nurses or completely change employment (Basford, 2003). It is important to explore the adaptation process of newly qualified nurses to the professional job environment, so as to respond and understand issues causing motivated and energetic nurses to leave the profession altogether. It is evident that the transition journey for newly qualified nurses is often frustrating, disillusioning, stressful and discouraging (Basford, 2003).Existing knowledge indicates that new nurses experience moral distress, disillusionment and discouragement in the early stages of practicing professional nursing. Other than undergoing developmental and personal changes, it is expected they make clinical judgments and decisions that are advanced. However, confidence develops into co mpetence, and as the nurse prescribers multiply in number so will the attitude towards the new role become more encouraging (Sines, Saunders & Forbes-Burford 2009, p.293) Rationale for Role Choices The increasing roles of nurses from the traditional medicine administration to current prescribing roles have played a significant role in the provision of quality healthcare to patients. There has been growing acknowledgment that pressures experienced by the health care sector could be partly solved by nurses providing a wider variety of services including prescribing, to patients. The programs have resulted into considerable savings from efficiently using nurses’ and doctors’ time. The important extended roles for nurses have played a critical in improving health care provision and hence are important topics of study in the medical field. Supplementary Prescribing Supplementary prescribing refers to a partnership of voluntary prescription between an independent and supplem entary prescriber, for implementation of a plan on clinical management that is patient specific. The patient has to be in agreement and the role of independent prescriber played by a doctor. It is therefore about the relationship between a patient, nurse and doctor, each

Geicos Total Rewards Program Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geicos Total Rewards Program - Coursework Example First, it is quite hilarious to understand how it has impacted on the quality of life of many people. This has been clearly explained on the website. For this reason, anyone who gets access to the site does not need to conduct an extensive research, but to have a glance at this site in order to know everything about all the rewards associated with the program. To conclude, I would like to commend the administrators of this website for doing a commendable job. It is quite encouraging to design and manage such a well-organized website for the benefits of all the audience. After all, all the information is presented in a clear manner using a simple language. Thus, it undoubtedly becomes beneficial to anyone who gets access to it at all times. However, I would like to say that the information should not be too brief. Instead, it should be properly illustrated for easier comprehension by all the readers. As a matter of fact, a program can be much effective if it addresses the needs of everyone. This is due to the fact that they are meant to serve a dynamic society comprised of different people from diverse backgrounds and with diverse needs. In other words, as it is now; the program does not address all the advantages examined in the World at Work Handbook of Compensation, Benefits & Total Reward. For this reason, it is my considered opinion that the rewards should be repackaged to expand into many other areas rather than the ones specified on the website. I would like to urge the program to consider using the strategy of flexibility. Meaning, the program should not only concentrate on a few areas but expand to other aspects as well. These are also equally important since they have lots of value to add to human life. Although it is important to emphasize on health and education, the focus should be put on other significant areas such as economic empowerment.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 20

Project management - Essay Example The vision of ASAP entails; realizing a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable Africa, through high quality education. The main objective of the project is to improve the quality of public education in East Africa. In order to achieve its mission and objectives, and work towards realizing vision, the company has adopted effective strategies. The strategies entail seeking the expertise of fulltime and volunteer staffs, and the financial support from international donors. The financial support has enabled ASAP to partner with the community to build schools; for instance, Miririni Secondary School and Chole Primary School. The volunteer program enables groups of Americans to visit during the summer, and assist in building or renovating a school in rural Africa. ASAP has partnered with several international partners, to ensure the success of its quality education activities. The organization is a member of the Clinton Global Initiative. The project used the Millennium Development goals as a guideline, and also benchmark for monitoring and evaluation

United States as an Imperialist and Expansionist Nation Essay Example for Free

United States as an Imperialist and Expansionist Nation Essay Imperialism is the influential expansion of a country’s power through territorial invasion creating a financial and political control of other countries. Imperialism is used to refer to the period of 1880 to 1918 wherein the developed countries look for new territories to dwell in, creating their command to the African and Asian countries so that they will have the most useful location. The United States pursue an aggressive policy of expansionism during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to expand the nation’s political and economic influence worldwide. The United States general public observed the first expansion attempts as a means to help other nations for a righteous reason but as it goes by they changed their mind and viewed the United States as an imperialist nation. Manifest Destiny was created in 1845 to somewhat justify American expansionism. United States would still be the sole strong power even without expansion but it was America’s goal to reign supreme above others. In 1860’s when American Imperialism was isolated, it affected the affairs of other small countries but it had no effect whatsoever to the Great Powers which the United States has not fully reached. Initially the United States wanted expansion to be able to compete with the European markets. In The People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn commented about the demand of expansion: Appleman Williams has described in The Roots of the Modern American Empire that there were need for expansion by many commercial farmers. Populist Congressman Jerry Simpson of Kansas told Congress in 1892 that with a vast agricultural excess, farmers ‘must of necessity search for foreign market. True, he was not calling for violence or invasion but once foreign markets were seen as significant to success, expansionist procedure, even war might be appealing. The period of Imperialism began when United States helped Cuba to drive away the Spaniards and helped the Cuban gain their independence. The Americans then had a navy base in Cuba and they wanted to help the Philippines next but instead of giving them independence they build their own empire. The American people come to realized and viewed their nation as an upcoming imperialist nation because prior to the Spanish American War, the American military did not subsist. The national identity of the people of America changed significantly since they were able to show to the whole world that they can survive even without the help of Great Britain. The Manifest Destiny was created to rationalize to the citizens the expansion that was happening. The United States expansion enabled them to be competitive to the European market but later on the expansion became more of imperialism like what happened in the case of the Philippines. By becoming an imperialist nation, the United States has to build their military from scratch and the people who object their expansion was viewed as unpatriotic by the government. The United States without expansionism would be just like one of the numerous nations that is incompetent in absorbing millions of immigrants, without the ability of protecting itself against great nations and without the capacity of spreading and preserving its culture worldwide. Work Cited Zinn, Howard. The People’s History of the United States. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1999.

Mechanisms for Optical Limiting

Mechanisms for Optical Limiting Chapter 2 2.1. Reverse Saturable Absorption In the mid 1960s shortly after the invention of the laser, many researchers were investigating dyes for potential application to Q-switching of the laser cavity. For this application, dyes were sought that would bleach to transparency under intense illumination (saturable absorbers). Guiliano and Hess [2a] in 1967 were investigating vat dyes and their modified cousins and noted some examples that not only did not bleach to transparency but instead darkened at high intensities. This was the first recognition of the property of reverse saturable absorption (RSA). Reverse saturable absorption generally arises in a molecular system when the excited state absorption cross section is larger than the ground state cross section. The process can be understood by considering a system that is modeled using three vibronically broadened electronic energy levels, as shown in figure 2.1. The cross section for absorption from the ground state 1 is à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1. à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is the cross section for absorption from the first excited state 2 to the second excited state 3. The lifetime of the first excited state is à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2 (seconds). Figure 2.1: Three level and Four level models for RSA As light is absorbed by the material, the first excited state begins to become populated and contributes to the total absorption cross section. If à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is smaller than à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, then the material becomes more transparent or ‘bleaches’ i.e. it is a saturable absorber. If à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2 is larger than à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, then the total absorption increases, and the material is known as a reverse saturable absorber. This behavior is shown in figure 2.2 Figure 2.2: Plot of the incident intensity versus the transmitted intensity of a typical three level RSA material. The change in intensity of a beam as it propagates through the material is: , (2.1) Where z is the direction traversed, NT is the total number of active molecules per area in the slice dz, N2 is the population of level 2 and the population of level 3 has been neglected. Initially, the material obeys Beer’s law when 2 is unpopulated, and the transmission is constant as the incident fluence is increased. The slope is given by. At a sufficiently high fluence, however, the first excited state 2 becomes substantially populated and in the limit of complete ground state depletion the slope again becomes constant at the new value of. The optical limiting action is not truly limiting, as the fluence, which is transmitted, is still increasing with increasing incident fluence, but it does so more slowly. If the ratio à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, is sufficiently large, however, the new transmission will be small and in a properly designed system the dynamic range of the sensor will be greatly extended. The three level diagrams describe the simplest case for RSA materials but can generally only be applied for subnanosecond pulses and under circumstances such that transitions from the second excited state are negligible. The energy states involved in three level materials usually consists of singlet states and the transitions are all allowed. The transition cross sections are therefore large, but a disadvantage is that de-excitation is rapid (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2 is small). This necessitates larger intensities for long pulses to activate the nonlinearity through populating the excited electronic state. Fortunately, on longer timescales in some systems, significant intersystem crossing to other states can occur from the first excited state. In this case the five level diagrams shown in figure 2.1 is applicable. The excited state 4 is usually a triplet or other long-lived state, and for long pulses it can act as a metastable state that accumulates population during the pulse. The lifetime of 4 gives an indication of the maximum pulse width for which the material is efficient to act as an optical limiter. Pulses with duration longer than the metastable state allow some of the metastable molecules generated by the leading edge of the pulse to decay to the ground state before the trailing edge have passed, thereby reducing the RSA. In most systems, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´3 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´5 are very small and significant populations of 3 and 5 do not accumulate. Therefore, N3 and N5 can be set to zero, considerably simplifying the dynamical equations describing. The equations representing the full five level models are given below by: (2.2) (2.3) (2.4) (2.5) (2.6) (2.7) and (2.8) Where hà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ® is the energy per photon, I is the intensity of the pulse and stimulated emission has been neglected. The latter assumes that optical coupling to the excited states is well above the bottom of the vibronic manifolds and that relaxation from the optically-coupled states to the bottom of the manifolds occurs on a time scale that is much shorter than the pulse duration. To completely understand the response of an RSA device, these equations must be solved as the pulse propagates through the material. The material parameters necessary to solve the equations are à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³4, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´4 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´24. For optimum optical limiting performance, certain parameters need to be maximized. The ratio of the excited state absorption to the ground state, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³2/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³4/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ³1 should be large to minimize the transmission of the limiter at high incident intensity. For maximum efficiency, the lifetime of the triplet state (à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´2) and the intersystem crossing rate l/à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ´24 should be large to populate the triplet state and maintain the population throughout the pulse. By the mechanism of RSA we get better performance on optical limiting. 2.2. Two-Photon Absorption (TPA): Two-photon absorption (TPA) can also be used in a manner similar to RSA to construct optical limiters. In contrast with reverse saturable absorption, TPA is an instantaneous nonlinearity that involves the absorption of photon from the field to promote an electron from its initial state to a virtual intermediate state, followed by the absorption of a second photon that takes the electron to its final state. Since the intermediate state for such transitions is virtual, energy need not be conserved in the intermediate state but only in the final state. The mechanism of TPA can be thought of in terms of the three level RSA model for the case where the lifetime of the intermediate state approaches zero and the ground state absorption is extremely low (highly transparent). The intensity of the beam as it traverses the material is: (2.9) Where z is the linear absorption coefficient and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ is the TPA coefficient which is related to the imaginary part of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ £(3) by the equation (SI units): (2.10) Here, à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ · is the circular frequency of the optical field, n0 is the linear index of refraction, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The solution to the propagation equation for à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡= 0 (transparent material at low intensities) is given by (2.11) Where L is the sample length. This clearly demonstrates that the output intensity decreases as the input intensity increases, exactly the behavior that is desired for an optical limiter. The strength of this reduction is explicitly dependent on the TPA coefficient, the incident intensity and the sample thickness. For TPA, the material response is of the order of an optical cycle and is, therefore, independent of the optical pulse length for a fixed intensity. The device will respond virtually instantaneously to the pulse. On the other hand, because of the limited magnitude of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢ in existing materials, high intensities are required to realize significant TPA. Since the intensity is essentially the energy density divided by the pulse duration, short pulses are required to achieve limiting with TPA for energy densities that may be high enough to damage an optical sensor. 2.3. Free-Carrier Absorption: This type of limiting occurs in semiconductor materials. Once carriers are optically generated in a semiconductor, whether by single photon or two-photon absorption, these electrons (holes) can be promoted to states higher (lower) in the conduction (valence) band by absorbing additional photons. This process is often phonon assisted, although depending on the details of the band structure and the frequency of the optical excitation, it may also be direct. The phonon assisted phenomenon is referred to as free-carrier absorption, and it is analogous to excited-state absorption in a molecular system. It is clearly an accumulative nonlinearity, since it depends on the buildup of carrier population in the bands as the incident optical pulse energy is absorbed. Free-carrier absorption always plays some role in the operation of a semiconductor limiter, if the excitation process results in the generation of significant free carrier populations in the bands. While it certainly contributes to the limiter performance and its inclusion is important in the precise modeling of the response of such devices, just as in the case of TPA, its importance typically pales in comparison with nonlinear refractive effects, whether the carriers are generated by single photon or two photon transitions. 2.4. Nonlinear Refraction Optical limiters based on self focusing and defocusing form another class of promising devices. The mechanism for these devices may arise from nonlinear refraction associated with carrier generation by either linear or two photon absorption in a semiconductor. Both self focusing and defocusing devices operate by refracting light away from the sensor as opposed to simply absorbing the incident radiation. Compared to strictly absorbing devices, these limiters can, therefore, potentially yield a larger dynamic range before damage to the limiter itself. Figure 2.3 (a) shows the typical device configuration for a self defocusing limiter, while figure 2.3 (b) shows a similar device based on self focusing. A converging lens is used to focus the incident radiation so it passes through the nonlinear medium. This lens provides optical gain to the system, allowing the device to activate at low incident intensities. The output passes through an aperture before impinging on the detector. At low input levels, the nonlinear medium has little effect on the incident beam, and the aperture blocks an insignificant portion of the beam, thus allowing for a low insertion loss for the device. When nonlinear refraction occurs, however, the nonuniform beam profile within the medium results in the generation of a spatially nonuniform refractive index. This acts as either a negative or positive lens, depending on the sign of the refractive nonlinearity, causing the incident beam to either defocus or focus. Figure 2.3: (a) Typical self defocusing optical limiter configuration (b) Typical self focusing optical limiter configuration. In a properly designed system, this self lensing results in significant energy blocked by the system aperture, thereby protecting the sensor. The location of the nonlinear medium is critical to the operation of the refractive limiting device. A self-focusing limiter works best if the nonlinear medium is placed approximately a Rayleigh range before the intermediate focus of the device. When the focusing lens is induced the effective focal length of the device is reduced, and hence a larger beam appears at the exit aperture. For a self-defocusing material, the optimum geometry is approximately one Rayleigh range after the focus. This geometry dependence can be exploited to determine not only the sign of the nonlinear refraction in a given medium, but the magnitude as well. This is the principle behind the so-called Z-scan technique, which has been pioneered by Van Stryland and coworkers [2b,2c]. The technique consists of moving the nonlinear medium through the focal region of a tightly focused beam while measuring the transmittance through an aperture placed in the far field of the focal plane. When the medium is far before the focal plane, no self-lensing occurs. As the medium approaches the focal plane, the high intensity begins to induce a lens in the medium. For a negative nonlinearity, this lens tends to collimate the beam, thereby increasing the transmittance through the aperture. Near the focal plane, even though the intensity is highest, the influence of the induced lens is minimized, resulting in a transmittance comparable to the linear transmittance. This is similar to placing a thin lens at the focus of a beam; this results in minimal effect on the far field beam pattern. As the sample is moved beyond the focal plane, the negative lens tends to increase the beam divergence, resulting in a decrease in the aperture transmittance. As the medium is moved still farther from focus, the intensity again becomes weak enough that the induced lensing is negligible. This sequence results in a change in transmittance with a characteristic peak, followed by a null, followed by a valley as the sample is moved from the input lens, through focus, toward the output lens. For a positive nonlinearity, the pattern consists of a valley, a null, and then a peak. Thus, the sign of the nonlinearity is readily determined. While nonlinear absorption has been neglected in this discussion, if present, it must also be accounted for. This is readily done by removing the aperture in the limiter and collecting all the light transmitted by the nonlinear material. This measurement is then insensitive to nonlinear refraction. The response in this case is a valley symmetrically located about the focal plane. It should be noted that nonlinear absorption and induced scattering cannot be distinguished by this technique. The general shape of the Z-scan for a positive index change, negative index change, and a nonlinear absorber or scatterer is shown in figure 2.4 . Figure 2.4: Schematic representation of z-scan results for a negative refractive nonlinearity (dashed curve) and a positive refractive nonlinearity (dotted curve). Both curves have been corrected for absorption. The solid curve shows the result of removing the aperture from the measurement apparatus and collecting all the transmitted light, thus isolating the nonlinear absorption [1e]. 2.5. Induced Scattering Scattering roots from interaction of light with small centers which may be physical particles or simple interfaces sandwiched between non-excited and excited molecular groups. The size of the scattering centers determines whether the scattering will be quite directional or reasonably uniform. Transmission of a medium, for a given solid angle, decreases when scattering centers are induced in the medium by an optical signal. Therefore, this phenomenon of scattering induced by optical signal may be applied to manufacture of optical limiters for sensor protection. Optical limiters based on induced scattering are usually focused on liquid media, as the phenomenon is usually reversible in these media. That is to say, the liquid in the excited state can return to equilibrium with ease in the absence of chemical or structural decomposition. However, in solids, usually irreversible decomposition processes generate the scattering centers which can lead to degradation in the device’s lin ear operation. When light is incident on a particle, the electric charges within the particle oscillate due to its interaction with the electric field. Radiations are then caused by the oscillation. In 1899, Lord Rayleigh originally presented the analytic expression and theory of the elastic scattering of light from particles with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of light. Rayleigh scattering is the name given to the phenomenon. This applies only to particles whose dimensions are quite smaller than the wavelength of light or which are non-absorbing. However, in 1908, Mie developed a theory for particles with dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light or greater [2d]. The transmitted intensity equations of the Mie scattering are notably more intricate than of Rayleigh scattering. In Mie scattering, a bigger percentage of the scattered radiation is in forward direction as the size of the scattering particles increases, implying that limiting based on Mie scattering will not be as effectiv e as Rayleigh scattering. 2.6. Photorefraction Two devices, namely coherent-beam excisor and the beam fanning limiter based on the photorefractive effect are used to limit coherent optical radiation. Materials showing photorefraction should have a nonzero χ(2). The traditional photorefractive mechanism is based on the photorefractive crystal which possesses deep levels that can be excited optically to generate free charge in the conduction or valence band. In a material showing photorefraction, when two coherent beams interfere, additional mobile charge are generated at the peaks of the intensity pattern than at the valleys through photoexcitation of the deep levels of the crsytal. These charges which are photoexcited at the peaks diffuse into the valleys ensuing a variation of charge spatially, in correspondence to the material’s interference pattern. These charges results in an electrostatic space-charge field which gives rise to a change in refractive index through the electro-optic effect in a properly oriented cry stal. Energy coupling and energy exchange can then be achieved between the two beams through the grating generated, which is 90 degrees phase shifted from the intensity of the photon field. A high intensity coherent beam when incident singly on a photorefractive crystal, the energy can be coupled into a large amount of low intensity scattered beams. Fields with new wave vectors are generated inside the crystal by the scattering of the incident beam at the crystal imperfections. The photorefractive gratings are then produced by the interference of the incident field with these scattered fields. Optical signal can later be coupled from the incident beam to the scattered beams through diffraction from these gratings. The light gets preferentially scattered to one side of the crystal as there is a preferred direction of energy transfer for photorefractive gratings which is determined by the direction of the c-axis of the crystal and the charge carriers’ sign. This photorefractive beam fanning phenomenon can be quite efficient in reducing the intensity of the transmitted beam. Construction of an optical limiter using this beam fanning process has been demonstrated by Cronin-Golomb and Yariv [2e]. The photorefractive excisor is another device which provides a weak seed beam to interfere with the incident beam. It is assembled to protect the sensor in such a way that the photorefractive grating produced by the interference of the primary beam with the seed beam at high intensities couples energy from the strong incident beam to the weak seed beam. The speed and efficiency of the device is thus improved. 2.7. Summary All of the nonlinear phenomena discussed above can be used for optical limiting, and figure 2.5 schematically illustrates the application of some of these processes. Figure 2.5 (a) depicts the use of induced absorption, such as reverse saturable absorption, two-photon absorption, and free-carrier absorption. Figures 2.5(b) and 2.5(d) represent, respectively, a self-defocusing limiter, self-focusing limiter, and an induced scattering limiter. Finally, figures 2.5(e) and 2.5(f) illustrate a photorefractive beam fanning limiter and a photorefractive excisor device. While it is often the case that any given material will exhibit multiple nonlinear properties, for simplicity the effects of each individual process have been separately depicted in figure 2.5. Figure 2.5: Some optical limiters based on different mechanisms (a) an induced absorption limiter (b) Self defocusing limiter (c) Self focusing limiter (d) Induced scattering limiter (e) Beam fanning limiter (f) Photorefractive excisor device [1e].

Electric Commuter Train Or Commuter Rail Tourism Essay

Electric Commuter Train Or Commuter Rail Tourism Essay Electric commuter train or commuter rail is a passenger rail transport service between a city center and commuter towns that draw large numbers of people who travel on a daily basis. Commuter trains are usually optimized for maximum passenger volume, in most cases without sacrificing too much comfort and luggage space, though they seldom have all the amenities of long-distance trains. This service provided by the government in order to give more convenience towards people for urban and rural areas to move (White, 2002). The service is able to meets the requirement and desire through the perception of Malaysian citizen towards the service quality of commuter train by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). The service quality in the commuter train can be measured by SERVQUAL dimension which is focuses in term of tangibles, reliability and responsiveness (Parasuraman et. al., 1985). According to Wiki, SERVQUAL was originally measured on 10 aspects of  service quality: reliability, respo nsiveness, competence, access, courtesy, communication, credibility, security, understanding the  customer  and tangibles. It measures the gap between customer expectations and experience. The service quality of the commuter train becomes important issue in order to have better and comfortable environment. The service quality of the public transport in that area seems unsatisfied and average level, which are physical facilities in term of cleanliness and comfortableness, punctuality, frequencies and responsiveness of the driver and conductor of the public transports. Is it the services quality of the commuter train is really implemented well in this country whether in urban or rural areas? This is because more allocation provided to reconstruct the quality of public transport. Therefore these researches try to investigate the perception of the Malaysian citizen towards the service qualities of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). Background of the study In Malaysia, KTM commuter is the one of the electrified commuter train service that operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). It was first introduced in 1995 to cater people especially in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas and it is a popular mode of transport for people who are working in Kuala Lumpur as they can travel to the city without being caught in traffic congestion. KTM commuter is currently the most profitable passenger service offered by KTMB, contributing RM84.63 million to group revenue in 2006, higher than KTM Intercitys profit of RM70.94 million in the same year (Nathan and Darshini, 2007). KTM commuter has attracted a significant number of passengers in the transportation market. According to the Ministry of Transport Malaysia 2008 Statistics; the annual ridership for KTM commuter was 36,557 millions of passengers (MOT, 2008). This study is important for KTMB generally and KTM commuter specifically to improve their services especially trains services. Having the information gathered from this study, they can look for effective ways in overcoming these problems and be more competitive in their services since the respondents for this study are KTM commuter customers themselves. From the findings of this study, the management can be made aware of the problems that they are facing everyday and the come up with proactive actions to provide better services to the customers. In return, the customers will enjoy a better quality of services in the future. Research objectives The objectives of the study are: To assess the service quality perceived by passengers of Malaysian citizen who ride the KTM commuter To examine factors influencing the good services provided by KTM commuter. Problem statement The current issues and problems regards in the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) public transports is the time arrival and time travel delaying. Many customers or passengers when went and used that service they was not satisfied with the service quality provided by this KTM B after used the KTM commuter service in term of punctuality and frequencies of train arrive. This issue showed even the public transportation is modernized and in the urban areas but service quality is still lacking and not well implemented. This will lead to negative perception and not satisfy the consumer using the public transports (Karen Thompson, Peter Schofield 2002). The problem of time arrival delaying was related with the other problem which is the space in the KTM commuter. This is because insufficient space to carry more passengers and others whereby the congestion occurred. Nowadays people out there mostly using a public transport like commuter as their transport so, the chance of increase passenger s are higher than before. So when the space of KTM commuter limited and crowded it will become worse to passengers to use and went it. Significant of the study Today the need for an efficient and effective public transportation service like KTM commuter is becoming more importance in order to overcome these problems especially in the Klang Valley. Besides that, many transportation companies are competing with each other to attract as many customers and gain more profit. It is imperative that KTM commuter needs to become more progressive and aggressive to compete with the competitors because nowadays, customers are becoming more demanding with the quality of the service. The want value for money that is they expect the service quality that they received from the service providers equals or exceeds what they had paid for (Mitra Lagerstrom, 2002). Reliability is focusing on frequencies and punctuality of the public transport arrives on time and able to meet the perception expectation of the user. Reliability means the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately (Parasuraman, et. al., 1988). The measuring arrival of the pu blic transport at the destination on time is of limited usefulness and will give positive impact towards the public expectation and perceptions. The punctuality measured in term of time arrival and departure is important elements in reliability service quality of dimension. Theoretical framework Speed Punctuality Service quality Space Frequency Safety Reliability Train operationDEPENDENT VARIABLES Comfort INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Research hypothesis There are three hypothesis developed in this study: Hypothesis 1 : There is a significant difference between dimension of tangible and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Hypothesis 2 : There is a significant difference between dimension of reliability and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Hypothesis 3 : There is a significant difference between dimension of responsiveness and service quality of the Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) Task 2 (LOC 3 : AC 3) Introduction Literature review is a documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. Past research on the phenomenon under investigation must play key role in the process of problem formulation. Literature review Customer satisfaction According to our team survey , most of the people satisfied with KTMB services meanwhile there are some services that KTMB are not doing well in their job customer satisfaction are important because customer are judging by services based on pricing that KTMB create. KTMB also have to improve their services based on doing a survey, give a recommendation to customer itself, on other hand the customer also have to give their opinion on what there want or like. Customer loyalty Customer loyalty always follows satisfaction, which is determined from the service quality offered by the KTMB. It is also one of the most frequently used indicators to measure the success of a marketing strategy. Research methodology Introduction The word methodology is the method that any researcher used with appropriate steps, method, technique and tools together with the approaches taken in the research process. Data collection Primary data Primary data is used for this research and the data is obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire comprised of two sections. The first section is designed to capture the respondents demographic. The questions asked in this section are related to the respondents gender, nationality, ethnicity, age, marital status, and occupation. The second section is designed to measure the customers perceptions towards various dimensions of services performance in KTM commuter service. The questionnaires are distributed among customers on board the train and those waiting for trains in the stations between 8 October to 10 October 2010. The sample for this study consists of 50 respondent in Batang Benar station. Secondary data According Kotler and Armstrong, secondary data can be defined as information that already exists somewhere, having been collected for another purpose. It may be available from internal sources, or may have been collected and published by another organization. Secondary data usually can be obtained more quickly and at lower price than primary data as researchers can gain the needed data in form of government reports and statistics, company reports and accounts, articles or journals in internet and reports in newspapers. Besides, the data that has been collected can be used to get a new perspective on the current study, to compare the work from previous findings or to use as a reference for future study. The table below shows the secondary sources that will be used in carrying out the research. Sources Explanation Books Literary work by professionals that relates to the food and beverage industry, guides on conducting research projects, as well as information on data of previously conducted research. Internet The internet offers unlimited sources of information that caters to all topic areas. Journals Journals are a good source of secondary data, as they may contain vital information of a certain period of time. Past Research Data from previous research can be used to compare the statistics and other information Task 3 (LOC 3 : AC 4 and LOC 4 : AC 1 and AC 2) Here are more ideas as to how to solve the problem on transportation. This research can understand for simplicity why KTMB designate their routes Seremban-Rawang and Sentul-Port Klang. But being so rigid about it can lead to adverse effects. Most people who take the KTM commuter are doing it to get in and out of the city (e.g. Subang Jaya-Sentral). Or users who just want to travel down the line (e.g. Seremban-Kajang). Although there must be people who use it to cross the Klang Valley (e.g. Seremban-Rawang), they are not in the majority. The way the service routes are designed, it seems silly why these trains have to make one full journey back and forth each branch for every run. Actual fact, delays at one part of the system can lead to other trains being delayed elsewhere, further down the line. For example, a Rawang-Seremban service might be delayed simply because somewhere in Kajang, there is a delay. In other words, researcher suggesting that the operations of these services should be made somewhat a bit more independent to each other. KTMB should consider introducing a variety of routes. Other than that, at not so busy hours, they should maintain their current service routes, as usual. But at peak hours: Seremban-Tasik Selatan Passengers take the Sri Petaling LRT or KLIA Transit to continue their journeys. Rawang-Bank Negara Passengers take the Sri Petaling and Ampang LRT to continue their southward journeys. Reduce service on the Sentul KTM branch passengers can hope off at Bank Negara to continue on the Sri Petaling and Ampang LRT. Introduce express services that bypass not-so busy stations. Introduce services that start and terminate at busy stations like Subang Jaya, Serdang etc. Construct a Komuter station at Abdullah Hukum to allow westerly passengers to bypass Sentral (and finally putting Abdullah Hukum to good use). Continue serving the usual full Rawang-Seremban and Sentul-Port Klang routes but at low frequencies. With the savings of rolling stock, couple those together to serve busy routes. The delays experienced by KTM commuter users seem to be with regards to clashing intercity and freight trains, and usually this is most severe in KL, from the Jalan Bangsar Junction to Jalan Kuching. Naturally the most sensible thing would be to schedule all trains, and make sure they follow their schedules. But they dont, for reasons sometimes beyond KTMs control. There is the issue of different grades of service on different lines. KLIA Transit, being the most posh, followed by the LRTs and Monorail and the KTM commuter at the bottom. And with this, also have different fares for similar journeys. For example, for the journey Bandar Tasik Selatan to KL Sentral Komuter RM1.00 KLIA Transit RM4.20 Sentul to Bandaraya/Bank Negara (although Sentul KTM and LRT are at different places) Komuter RM1.00 LRT RM1.40 It is also inevitable that KTM has to Improve on its scheduling and also further computerization with traffic control. Increase in capacity by acquiring more rolling stock to articulate the current trains and to have more train sets in service. Improve its station quality as well as integration with other rail lines. C:UsersANNA HBCRDesktopKlktm.gif Finding To find effectiveness of KTMB as a public transportation KTMB was an effective way to travel as a public transportation. KTMB was the respondents choice as a public transportation to travel around Rawang-Seremban, Sentul-Port Klang. Alternative public transportation that the respondents choose was bus. To identify the areas covered by KTMB KTMB covers the area that the respondents were going therefore it showed that the respondent were happy and satisfied with the areas covered by KTMB. The areas that had been covered by KTMB was close to the respondent workplace and to Mid Valley which one of a top spot for tourist and people to shop and hang out. To compare the fare of KTMB with other public transportation The researcher found out that the respondent were satisfied with the ticket price of KTMB compared with the price of other public transportation. The factor that many respondents were satisfied was the fare price is cheaper than taking other public transportation. KTMB was close to the place that many respondents were going therefore KTMB was the majority respondents choice of transportation. To analyze the frequency of travelers using KTMB transportation The researcher found out that the travelling frequency for KTMB was adequate for respondents as many of the respondents used this service to travel around Rawang-Seremban, Sentul-Port Klang. Important factor would be that the respondents used this service because their workplace is situated in KL Central, Mid Valley and etc also to avoid traffic jams. Gantt Chart for Research Project Proposal Activity Start Date Duration (days) End Date Proposal 14/9/2011 3 17/9/2011 Survey Methodology 14/9/2011 1 15/9/2011 Literature Review: 18/9/2011 12 10/9/2011 Authors 18/9/2011 7 25/9/2011 Government Publications 27/9/2011 7 4/10/2011 Questionnaire Preparation 5/10/2011 1 6/10/2011 Interview and Survey 6/10/2011 2 8/10/2011 Tally and Analyze Survey Questionnaire 8/10/2011 1 9/10/2011 End Discussion and Conclusion 9/10/2011 1 10/10/2011 14/9/2011 8/10/2011 25/10/2011 6/10/2011 Proposal Survey Methodology Literature Review: Authors Government Publications Questionnaire Preparation Interview and Survey Tally and Analyze Survey à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ End Discussion and Conclusion Start Date Duration (days) Task 4 (LOC 4 : AC 3) Conclusion and recommendation Findings of this study have important practical to management of quality of the Malaysian rail services. This study demonstrates the usefulness as a measure of service quality. The measurement scale also serves to identify symptoms and the underlying problems that inhibit the effective provision of quality services in rail transport. Once the attributes of rail services from the customers perspective are more clearly known and understood, its service providers will be in a better position to anticipate consumer requirements rather than to react to consumer dissatisfaction. The attributes of reliability and tangibles have been identified by respondents to be the most important dimensions of service quality. These two dimensions were also found to have the highest gap (perception minus expectation), implying that customers expectation of reliability and tangibles dimensions of the railway services are not met by KTMB. Although these findings cannot be generalized to the overall passenger profile, KTMB should use it as an impetus to assess their services, particularly to study ways of improving on their reliability and tangibles dimensions. KTMB management could start by improving on staff training, especially to train their staff to be more professional and courteous when dealing with customers. The public confidence of KTMB has to be gained and the best way is for the management to look at improving on aspects such as reliability of services, improving physical facilities, training of staff and communicating precise information on train schedules. In view of the intense competition in the transport sector with the opening of the North-South Highway, it is imperative that the management of KTMB carry out more research to discover any shortfalls in service quality and to take necessary corrective measures in case of a shortfall. This could ensure that the service quality of KTMB provides the best to its consumers in order to compete effectively with other modes of transport. As the consumer plays a key role in the definition and evaluation of the quality of rail services offered, managers of KTMB should incorporate consumer expectations and perceptions in the formulation of effective long-term marketing strategy. KTM should improved the train service in terms of the punctuality and provide a suitable frequency (for example: every 10 minutes) to reduce congestion at the stations especially during peak hours. This study also recommends that future researchers should come out with the focus groups to compare the opinion between KTMB users with other transportation mode users.

Whose history, which narrator? :: Essays Papers

Whose history, which narrator? Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children can be read, inter alia, as the unfolding of the twentieth-century India’s history. There is in the novel, virtually all of the twentieth century Indian history: the Jallianwalla Buch tragedy, Quit India movement, Cabinet Mission, freedom movement, Muslim League and its role, riots and bloodshed subsequent to the independence, Five Years Plans, reorganization of Indian states and language riots, Chinese aggression, the theft of the sacred relic from the Hazratbal mosque, Pakistan War, liberation of Bangladesh, the Emergency, the military coup in Pakistan in 1958, and various other historically important events. There are also typically Indian divisions and dissents, chaos and disillusion, communal tensions, religious fanaticism besides traditional values and modernizing efforts. One aspect Rushdie places emphasis on, is the close link between the history of India and the history of Saleem’s family. In the end, the former can be read as a family album. Saleem’s uncle, Zulfikar, is a Pakistani general who helps General Ayub Khan to plan the military takeover of 1958; his aunt is a mistress of Homi Catrak, who is shot by the husband of Lila Sabarmati, another of his mistresses (Commander and Mrs. Nanavati in real life); his classmate Cyrus Dubash becomes the founder of a religious cult that seems to be an amalgam of Guru Maharaj and Hatha-yogi Lakshman Rao who claimed he could walk on water; Saleem himself triggers off one of the worst language riots in Bombay; his mother was first married to Shcikh Abdullah’s right-hand man; the disappearance of the Prophet’s Hair is linked to his grandfather. In addition, Saleem belongs to an extremely peculiar group of 1,001 children born within the very first hour of India’s independence, on the 15th of August 1947, and capable of performing paranormal phenomena. Saleem, thus becomes an authentic representative of India, he is India. Rushdie is convinced that there is a connection between public affairs and private lives. They interpenetrate and that is how the writer needs to examine them, the one in the context of the other. In the light of this consideration we can read the passage in which Saleem declares: Who what am I? My answer: I am the sum total of everything that went before me, of all I have seen done, of everything done-to-me. I am everyone everything whose being-in-the-world affected was affected by mine. I am anything that happens after I’ve gone which would not have happened if I had not come.

Building Of Dwelling Houses In Estonia :: essays research papers

Building of Dwelling Houses in Estonia Not wanting to analyze the building of dwelling houses in Estonia inefficiently and seemingly scientifically (where would I have got competent statistics from), I simply try to express the thoughts which are connected with that topics somehow and have come into my mind. What kind of â€Å"scientific† analysis it could be or who should make it, if even the architectural critics seem not to manage with the simplest things. That reminds me an article in the EE some time ago about a Finnish lady (naturally in Finland) completing or taking her doctor's degree. She was examining Finnish post-war modern house, it's morphology, the structure of the Finnish family, the connections between them and making conclusions which extend to this day. Those observations about architecture were much more smarter than those that the most of self-confident architects could do. Unfortunately it has to be confessed that I don't remember such a research work or sentiments in Estonian science, but no doubt, they could be necessary. The typology of the houses used by most of the architects goes back to the living model of the middle class at the end of the 19th century. That model was idealized and carried on through a hundred of years up to the end of this century. No doubt that our living style is changing — repeating banalities: paradigm changes — as well as the composition and make-up of the family. There was a news in a newspaper about Estonia which declared that 50 % of the children are illegitimate (it is possible, of course, that some parents live together without getting married officially) and 12,5 % of the born children know nothing about their fathers. The living with grandparents is not so popular any more. (As to the models of living it is worth of observing what has happened in North- America — though some europercentage followers don't accept that — it may happen that we will be on the same development level soon. In that country the grown-up children don't want to live with their fathers and mothers, at least statistically). Even such an every day activity as cooking is changing essentially. An apartment or house is not a small production unit with its storages, kitchen and dining room any more. The kitchen can be as presentable as the dining room, also the furniture and the quality of the activities, they can become more melted. There are some theorists who admit that not only eating but washing procedures as well will leave the house to so-called town-social level.

Make the Mark Essay

â€Å"Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting. † (Burke, Edmund) This is so true and proves that often my reading skills are like having stuffed cheeks after a good book. I have often found myself attracted to a book by the cover or the subject matter. Unfortunately as soon as I dive into the white pages my mind wanders and before I know it I have finished my grocery list but have no idea what my eyes have looked at. This is where marking your book comes into play and active reading helps to retain information. â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free. †(Douglass, Frederick) Reading is something very few of us ever master, so many little words and often times the real meaning is up for interpretation. Even many of the readings that we experienced in this class were more involved than the words on paper. Reading is a passion, a quest to absorb information. To be active in your reading experience means to fully inhale every word. Taking notes in the margins ensures that the reader understands the information. Also when a reader actively regurgitates the information in the form of notes the information translates better into memory. â€Å"Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best friend. Inside of a dog, it’s too dark to read. †(Marx, Groucho) I know that the quote may seem a little silly but it is true. Books are intimate experiences that we all share and often have different experiences with the same book. We can mark a book and the book will not get offended. Some people think that writing in a book is a form of vandalism. We learned that marking a book is not only important but gives a book character. â€Å"What is reading but silent conversation? †(Landor, Walter Savage) Douglas teaches us in his reading that to mark a book is like having a conversation with the author. Sometimes the ability to read a piece and really feel what the author is trying to speak to us is such a great experience, the book feels as if it written for us. Marking a book is fun and honestly can give the owner a sense of contribution to the author. It is almost like being a pioneer discovering a new world for the first time and documenting what you have discovered for others to learn. Douglass talks about marking a book so that the reader can return to the writings and almost pick up where they left off. I, myself have mastered the doodling in the margins but not necessarily the note taking. I want to be a better reader and so many books are out there to help readers learn a better way, kind of silly when you think about it. Classes are taught for readers to improve their speeds or their ability to retain information. Even as I write this paper my mind wanders to other thoughts about my life or how many more words I have to write to meet the requirement. I enjoy writing and I could probably type about the blank screen in many different ways but if some one else were to type the same boring story I would lose interest. I know that makes me a sort of narcissist but I think most writers probably are. Where do you start when you read a book? Most people would suggest starting with the first page but I would probably argue that point. Most of us look at the back of the book to see if we are even interested. Some of us find out from friends and others just read books because it is fun and they like the author. Do we need to mark every book? Of course not. You do not have to mark a single book if you do not want to. Marking a book is only suggested in order for the reader to make the experience more personal and possibly help the reader retain the information. I have taken classes that teach readers not to hi-lite a book because the hand can get carried away and all you end up with is a bunch of yellow pages. I do agree that putting the information in your own words helps the reader to remember the information as if it is their own. When a person picks up a book in most cases it is because they are interested in the subject matter at hand. When you become an active reader and immerse yourself in the book the reader becomes even more involved and gains more knowledge from the book. I have read a few books in my life and believe that the importance of notes in the margin are extremely important. I repeat myself only to make the point in reading that my paper is trying to make, if you do not take notes you may not catch that the information is being repeated. â€Å"Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting. † (Burke, Edmund) This is so true and proves that often my reading skills are like having stuffed cheeks after a good book. I have often found myself attracted to a book by the cover or the subject matter. Unfortunately as soon as I dive into the white pages my mind wanders and before I know it I have finished my grocery list but have no idea what my eyes have looked at. This is where marking your book comes into play and active reading helps to retain information. â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free. †(Douglass, Frederick) Reading is something very few of us ever master, so many little words and often times the real meaning is up for interpretation. Even many of the readings that we experienced in this class were more involved than the words on paper. Reading is a passion, a quest to absorb information. To be active in your reading experience means to fully inhale every word. Taking notes in the margins ensures that the reader understands the information. Also when a reader actively regurgitates the information in the form of notes the information translates better into memory. â€Å"Outside of a dog, a book is a man’s best friend. Inside of a dog, it’s too dark to read. †(Marx, Groucho) I know that the quote may seem a little silly but it is true. Books are intimate experiences that we all share and often have different experiences with the same book. We can mark a book and the book will not get offended. Some people think that writing in a book is a form of vandalism. We learned that marking a book is not only important but gives a book character. â€Å"What is reading but silent conversation? †(Landor, Walter Savage) Douglas teaches us in his reading that to mark a book is like having a conversation with the author. Sometimes the ability to read a piece and really feel what the author is trying to speak to us is such a great experience, the book feels as if it written for us. Marking a book is fun and honestly can give the owner a sense of contribution to the author. It is almost like being a pioneer discovering a new world for the first time and documenting what you have discovered for others to learn. Douglass talks about marking a book so that the reader can return to the writings and almost pick up where they left off. I, myself have mastered the doodling in the margins but not necessarily the note taking. I want to be a better reader and so many books are out there to help readers learn a better way, kind of silly when you think about it. Classes are taught for readers to improve their speeds or their ability to retain information. Even as I write this paper my mind wanders to other thoughts about my life or how many more words I have to write to meet the requirement. I enjoy writing and I could probably type about the blank screen in many different ways but if some one else were to type the same boring story I would lose interest. I know that makes me a sort of narcissist but I think most writers probably are. Where do you start when you read a book? Most people would suggest starting with the first page but I would probably argue that point. Most of us look at the back of the book to see if we are even interested. Some of us find out from friends and others just read books because it is fun and they like the author. Do we need to mark every book? Of course not. You do not have to mark a single book if you do not want to. Marking a book is only suggested in order for the reader to make the experience more personal and possibly help the reader retain the information. I have taken classes that teach readers not to hi-lite a book because the hand can get carried away and all you end up with is a bunch of yellow pages. I do agree that putting the information in your own words helps the  reader to remember the information as if it is their own. When a person picks up a book in most cases it is because they are interested in the subject matter at hand. When you become an active reader and immerse yourself in the book the reader becomes even more involved and gains more knowledge from the book. I have read a few books in my life and believe that the importance of notes in the margin are extremely important. Works Cited â€Å"How to Mark a Book† by Adler, Mortimer (2902-2001) http://www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/reading, internet.

The Kindergarten Teacher

The kindergarten teacher A teacher is someone whose job is to teach especially in a school whether it is a secondary school, primary school or even kindergarten. Every teacher should have their qualification in order to be a teacher in a school. So, I think that a kindergarten teacher should have at least a basic degree to qualify them to be a good kindergarten teacher. The kindergarten teacher is the most important corner of the educational process and function is not confined to education. Teachers with a basic degree will ensure the children get a good early education.As we all know, world nowadays needs people with high level of education and to fulfill this mission, we need a teachers with wide knowledge and experiences which is a graduated students with basic degree can provide. . Besides, the children are like a white and black cloth so it is teachers and parents who will colour them. The teachers with a basic degree have good enough knowledge to teach their students and they can provide correct and good education for the kids thus producing good generation for the future.Kindergarten teacher must love the children, respects children , parents, patient, kind, caring, and understanding. Also she must use learning centers and has a child-centered classroom. In addition to teacher must be able to provide for all levels of students from enrichment to remedial and willing to give many extra hours. They should have a goal of wanting to ensure that each child is successful. The needs for kindergarten teachers to have at least a basic degree can increase the competition among the university students nowadays.The rate of failure rate among the students in the university nowadays is increasing so the increase of qualification in order to get a job will ensure the students to study hard to achieve good results when they graduated. This will increase the level of education in our country thus producing good image for the country. In conclusion, the kindergarten teac hers should have at least a basic degree to make sure the children get a well early educated God willing . ( http://allbestessays. com/English/Kindergarten-Teachers-Should-Have-Least/6793. html )

Elevator Speech Draft

Elevator Speech Audience: Diana Gale Purpose: To outline strategies for developing a publicly supported wasteland augment policy â€Å"Seattle Waste utility faces a challenging new mission: not only is the agency t asked with its previous responsibility of delivering waste management services, it is now task ked with developing waste management policy. With the approaching deadline to Rene w the contract with the King County landfill, the utility is faced with an opportunity to recon mend a new longer waste management policy.You have already accomplished a great deal by building SSW into an organize Zion that can be effective in developing policy, but local organizations, politicians and meme beers of the public have strong, competing perspectives about waste management in Seat tale. In addition, confidence in Saw's ability to recommend a policy is low. Under these conditions, it is best if SSW does not make a recommendation a bout a longer waste management policy alone. Instead, yo u should engage key organization s and individuals whose support could strengthen Saw's legitimacy.TO determine a longer asset disposal policy, we recommend that you pursue one of two participator decommissioning processes: the first includes the the public, along with local p Laotians and administrators. If time constraints allow, we feel that this is your best bet to in crease Saw's legitimacy and gain support and cooperation for the policy. The second excels vilely includes local politicians and administrators. This second process would increase the u utility legitimacy on a more limited level, but may be preferable if time constraints prevent you from pursuing the more inclusive process. †

Philosophy and Knowledge in Nursing Essay

According to Kim (1999), â€Å"knowledge development in nursing is obtained through descriptive, reflective, and criticizing ourselves. We strive to correct and improve ourselves and practice through self-reflection and critiquing. This develops our nursing knowledge about practices and helps us to engage in shared learning. We do this by generating models of good practice and theories of application. We reflect by looking back at ourselves and learning what has just occurred and having a self-awareness of our practices.† Kim (1999), also describes descriptive and critical phases. During the descriptive phase, â€Å"descriptions of practice are examined for genuineness and comprehensiveness (Kim, 1999). Kim (1999), also states that â€Å"critique of practice regarding conflicts, distortions, and inconsistencies† also increase a nurse’s knowledge. McCurry (2009), states that â€Å"nursing as a profession has a moral mandate to contribute to the good of the society through knowledge based practice. Knowledge is built upon theories and theories together with the philosophical bases and disciplinary goals are the framework for practice.† According to Grace and Perry (2013), â€Å"philosophical inquiry remains critically important for nursing education, practice, and knowledge development. This is attained through three levels. Level I is cultivating and attitude of critical consciousness related to all nursing situations and actions. Level II is the analysis and application of philosophical perspectives to nursing problems and level III is generating new knowledge such as theories.† And according to Gillespie and Paterson, (2009), â€Å"knowledge acquisition and utilization is reflected in the use of knowing rather than knowledge.† In using our previously obtained knowledge, we can reflect in our practices an d grow. References Gillespie, M., Paterson, B.L. (2009). Helping novice nurses make effective clinical decisions: the situated clinical decision-making framework. Nursing Education Perspective, 12, 164-170. Grace,P.J., Perry, D.J. (2013). Philosophical inquiry and the goals of nursing: a critical approach for discipline, knowledge development, and action. Advances in Nursing Sciences, 2, 64-79. Kim, H.S. (1999). Critical reflective inquiry for knowledge development in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29, 1205-1212. McCurry, M. K., Hunter-Revell, S.M, and Roy, C. (2009). Knowledge for the good of the individual and society: linking philosophy, disciplinary goals, theory, and practice. Nursing Philosophy, 11, 42-52.

Tuesdays with Morrie Book review

Memoir is an Inspirational memoir, by Mitch Album. It is a well- written novel which is mainly concerned with the rejection of the popular culture. If you enjoy nonfiction. And life-lesson giving themes, then you should read this book. Album included himself into the story as Mitch, Morris's old student. The novel is expressed from Album's own point of view of his character In the novel. This has many influences on the novel, and is more controllable for him. Eve chosen this novel due to the fact that I read it for summer reading, and this novel really gave me arioso thoughts and tons of inspiration, Album frequently used symbolism throughout his novel. Album uses a pink hibiscus life representing Morris's life. Since the first day, the plant's life started fading and so did Morris's. Memoir stated throughout the book â€Å"when you're in bed you're dead,† (131) so he always preferred to stay in his chair. When Morris's last days come closer he decides to stay in his bed due t o Immobility and other ALLS causes.Memoir eventually lived his last day on his bed on the Last Tuesday. Another example of symbolism used by Album is the media. The media was referred to as an evil dictator throughout the book. It also caused Match's state of mind before he met Memoir; Mitch was so much of a workaholic that the only thing on his mind was the money. The novel is basically emphasizing that the society. Media, and pop-culture do not contribute anything to the people. The novel had a very sentimental meaning to Album.Album, who is â€Å"Mitch† in the novel, visits his old professor Memoir, who suffers from ALLS (Metamorphic Lateral Sclerosis). They meet every Tuesday as his disease starts and continues to progress. Album, as I mentioned earlier, included himself as a character in his novel with his first name, Mitch. Memoir was Match's old sociology professor at his time In college. Mitch just supported and helped Memoir with everything and anything. Morris's goa l was to make Mitch cry and inspire him at some point, which he eventually did.Memoir wanted to attach Mitch to the world again, due to Match's detachment blaming it to society. Mitch and Memoir were both my favorite characters, there Is no In-between. They both inspired me in some type of way. The antagonist was the ALLS disease, which in real life Memoir had to go through. I have participated In a camp experience located in Counterpoint, Texas. At this amazing place, kids/adults of all ages and sizes come and go. This Is the place where they have the mum of their lives, not a drop of sadness is present.I took care of an 8-year old who suffered from Ret Syndrome. I was her companion for a week and my life changed the instant I met her. I do not and will not ever take anything in life for granted. This book has now become #1 on my list of favorites. My favorite scene was every single Tuesday. Mitch and Memoir always had did something that lights up every reader. There are no least f avorite parts in this memoir, I admire Album. I would totally recommend this book to anyone who asks me a recommendation.Any type of person would like his book, no matter the genre the reader personally reads. Album basically wrote what I feel, and how I changed after my experience. I t Off change my perspective, he can change anyone's. Album couldn't have done better when writing this momentous material. Memoir has changed many hearts, and has inspired numerous amounts of people. Society today is best described in the book, as evil. Mitch and Memoir are my inspiration, and I hope they continue to grow more love under everyone's hearts'.

It Is Now Widely Accepted That Children of Middle-class Backgrounds, Essay

It Is Now Widely Accepted That Children of Middle-class Backgrounds, Do Better, In Terms of Educational Performance - Essay Example All these factors play a significant role in an individual educational performance and outcomes. (Muola, 2010). What is Middle-class? The middle-class is the term used for the people who lies in the mid of social hierarchy. In the socioeconomic term, it is a wider group of people in the existing society who comes in between the upper-class and the working-class. People who are categorized under middle-class give immense importance to education and values educational attainments as a chief contributing factor in establishing a successful life. Parents stress a lot on the importance of quality education and its influences later in an individual’s life. They look after their children in such a way to make them a successful member of the society, and they use all their available capital sources to prepare their kids for educational achievements. What is Working-class? Working class, laboring class or lower class also known as the â€Å"Proletariat† are the people who are em ployed in the lower tier works and extending to below average income people or unemployed people. These people usually live in urban areas and industrialized economies. It is considered that the basic aim of working-class individuals is to make an earning or economic wealth. These are the people who offer their labor power for money and are responsible in creating wealth of any society. These are usually involved in the production of furnitures, bridges and grow food but, didn’t own factories and lands. The major difference between middle-class and working-class is where people spend more as a standard of living rather than for basic necessities I. e. Fashion vs. shelter and nutrition.... This report demonstrates that children of middle-class backgrounds, do better in terms of educational performance, and educational outcomes, than children of working class backgrounds because of different reasons. The differences in parents mind-set, schools, cultural capital, values, attitudes, family setup and material factors are the leading factors that influence the educational performance and outcomes of a student. This paper makes a conclusion that studies have clearly revealed that there is a direct link between class stratification and educational attainments. It is clearly discussed that the sub-cultures, sub-groups and the distinct values and norms of the social classes affect the performance of students in the scholastic system. Consistent researches on class and educational attainments demonstrates that the higher is the social class, higher will be the educational outcomes. Students from upper social background have greater chances to stay in the post-compulsory teaching and are better prepared to get through the different examination levels. They also have greater chances to achieve universityentrance. Apart from the social-class differences, educational achievements are also directly related to the role of parents and school. The contribution of parents and school also has a significant role in the academic career of an individual. Researches have made it clear that students from adva ntaged households are not only sharp in studies but, are creative, talented, confident and has a mind-blowing help-seeking skills as compared to the working-class pupils.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Case Study Example It was launched in 2008 November and has since grown significantly since then. The website was founded focusing on collective buying power. Today it serves over 150 markets locally and over 100 additional markets all over the world. Today it has more than 150 million subscribers around the world and over $ 4 billion dollars in revenue (Kim, Lee, & Park, 2013). As an internet application, the platform must ensure that it has a competitive advantage over other online platforms. Ensuring that users have a way of adding their own data to what the platform provides is significant because it enables participation that could market the platform further. The platform has harnessed a collective intelligence by creating architecture of participation for the users both implicitly and explicitly. For instance, the website provides discounts of products manufactured by different companies throughout its markets. To ensure that these companies directly interact with customers, the website has provided a way of customers interacting with these manufacturers by providing a way for customers to use discounted gift certificates in local or national companies. This puts the customers in a position to directly make comments about the products they buy to the companies and improve product quality. The platform has also provided a way for customers to put comm ents in the website about the services they receive. The platform has also done this by allowing merchants to put their won description and products. This platform depends significantly on the experiences of consumers with respect to the services they get and on the experiences of the companies that they deal with. Any negative experience could affect the platform detrimentally. Therefore, harnessing collective intelligence is key to the platforms continued success and to ensure that negative experiences are resolved with immediate effect to ensure that the company is not brought down. Harnessing collective

Formal legal advice to Richard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Formal legal advice to Richard - Essay Example THE FACTS ABOUT THE CASE OF RICHARD AND JOHN 2. The basic facts appear as follows. 3. Richard is a singer and a performer while John has been his manager for three years. The issue that arises here is the role of John as a manager and the roles of Richard as his employer. The manner in which the two are supposed to relate to each other without conflict of interest is a big issue.1 4. Richard and John had some disagreements because John is convinced that Richard was taking bookings and performing without telling him or compensating him. The issue that arises here is whether Richard had a right to perform and take bookings on the back of his manager and without compensating him. One is also left wondering whether John could substantiate his claims or it was out of malice. If indeed Richard was acting on the back of John, it will be interesting to know whether he ought to have compensated John.2 5. After the disagreements, Richard walked out, yet the terms of the contract had stipulated that they should work together for 10 years. Whether Richard did the right thing to walk out following the disagreements is a debatable issue. The other issue that arises is whether Richard should compensate John for breaching their agreement.3 6. It has also come to light that John was acting on the back of Richard, by taking advantage of a physical similarity between them and allegedly making profitable appearances on stage and television as well as forwarding his business using Richard’s personal confidential information. This disclosure leaves much for the eyes to desire because it is most probable that Richard ignored John after realizing his negative conduct, which is also contrary to their agreement and which is against the copyright property which is protected.4 7. John is illegally copying new music Richard had made. This raises the question of copyright violation.5 8. Richard obtains an incorrectly addressed email from John, which reveals that he was about to emigr ate to china and base his business there. The issue here is whether Richard should take advantage of this confidential information to pursue his case. Again, the fact that John wants to emigrate to china will complicate Richard’s attempts to prosecute the case.6 9. THE LAW This case will refer to the following laws: Seager v Copydex Ltd (No. 2) [1969] 1 WLR 809 [1] Allied Arab Bank Ltd v Hajjar (1988) QB 787 [2] DeFrancesco v Barnum (1890) 45 Ch D 430 [3] Series 5 Software Ltd v Clarke [1996] 1 All ER 853 [4] Office Angels Ltd v Rainer Thomas and O’Conner [1999] IRLR 214 [5] William Robinson & Go. V Heuer (1898) 2 Ch. 451 [6] Page One Records v Britton [1968] 1 WLR 157 [7] Lumley v Wagner (1852) 1 De GM & G 604 [8] Warner Bros Pictures Inc. v Nelson [1937] 1 KB 209